Causes of bilateral clubbing include:
- Pulmonary causes (around 75% of cases)
- Cancer
- Mesothelioma
- Abscess
- Empyema (chronic)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Pneumonitis (chronic)
- Cardiac causes (around 15% of cases)
- Atrial myxoma
- Cyanotic congenital heart disease
- Endocarditis
- GI causes (5 to 10% of cases)
- Cirrhosis
- Carcinoma/lymphoma
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Other (5 to 10% of causes)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pregnancy
- Some toxins
Unilateral finger clubbing consider:
- Pancoast tumour
- Aortic/subclavian artery aneurysm
Small print gem: clubbing of toes without finger clubbing suggests coarctation of the aorta
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