Leptospirosis is the infection caused by the spirochaete leptospira.
Transmission is classically by exposure of skin/mucous membranes to contaminated rats urine, for example swimming in rivers/ falling out of boats. This is known as Weil’s disease.
Transmission may also be from cattle to humans – this is the Hardjo form of leptospirosis.
Incubation period is 2 to 20 days.
Presentation
- Fever
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Arthralgia
- Nausea/vomiting
- Jaundice
- Photophobia
Complications of leptospirosis, which usually occur 5 to 10 days after infection, include:
- Renal failure
- Hepatic failure
- Aseptic meningitis
- Pulmonary haemorrhage
Diagnosis may be by culture, PCR or serology.
Treatment is with doxycycline, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, erythromycin or benzylpenicillin.
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